Regularly examining your pet can keep him healthy

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About the Doctor

Dr. Jim Randolph


They were slim times for a young veterinary student. Few things produced as much pleasure as time spent with my pets. On top of all the classroom hours, there were countless hours spent at home studying. To be able to find all those "parts," a veterinary student's pet is an invaluable living classroom. Unfortunately, they sometimes tired of hearing, twenty times a night, "Blossom, come here, I need to find something."

While it's not necessary to examine your pet twenty times a night, your pet's doctor feels it important to know some basic information about your pet. There are some "parts" you should check on a regular basis, and know when there are problems with those "parts" to know when to call the veterinarian.

As human beings, we mostly go to the doctor when we're sick or there's a physical problem that needs attention. We don't go to the doctor as often as we should for preventive care.

Veterinarians, however, mostly deal in preventive care. We recently wrote a column on the importance of the annual physical examination, and emphasized that there are times when the examination should be performed more often than annually.

So, we find it frustrating to hear the words, "I didn't know" when we lift an ear and it's draining pus, or we lift a lip and expose severe gum disease.

Here are some tips to help you perform a basic examination of the parts of your pet you can see and feel. It will help you to catch problems early, too. Once a week is not too often, but do it at least once a month.

Every doctor has a system of examination. He uses that same system every time and we suggest you do the same. I like to start at the front of the body and work backward.

  • Look at your pet's nose and face and eyes. Get to know what's normal for him and become concerned when those parameters change. Lift the lips, one at a time. Teeth should be white, all the way to pink gums. Brown and black colors may indicate tartar buildup or decay. Redness in the gums indicates inflammation; the gums may even be infected.

  • Lift the ears. They should have little or no odor. The ear canals should not be sensitive to the touch. They should be white or pink, not red. There should be no discharge. Do you clean your pet's ears weekly and after every bath? It's the single best way to prevent (there's that word again!) ear diseases.

  • Next, feel each of the joints in the front legs. There should be no pain or creaking sensation which might indicate arthritis. Feel every part you look at for lumps or irregularities that might indicate an abnormal growth. Is the right the same as the left? Look at the feet, pads and skin between the pads and between the toes. It should be the same color as the skin on the rest of the body, not red or cracked.

  • Feel over the ribs and abdomen. Again feel for lumps or bulges. Pain in these areas from light strokes is never normal.

  • Examine the rear legs and feet just as you did the front. Move from there to the tail.

  • Roll your pet on his back to examine the external genitalia. In the male dog, a small amount of yellowish discharge from the prepuce (sheath) is normal. Testicles, if he's not neutered, should both be about the same size. This is a good time to check the female dog's mammary chain for lumps. Even spayed female dogs can have mammary growths, though they are almost unheard of if your female pet is spayed before her first heat cycle. The vulva should have no discharge or odor.

  • Overall there should be no hair loss or irregularity in the hair patterns. Skin should not be flaky or scaly, nor should the skin have an odor.

    If, after doing your in-home examination of your pet, you find any abnormal areas, make an appointment with your pet's doctor before they have a chance to get worse.



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